The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.